The Evolution of British Tea Traditions in the 18-19th Centuries Essay Example for Free

The Evolution of British Tea Traditions in the 18-19th Centuries Essay Foreigners have many ideas about what the English like. I can say that a nation is born from its land, its history, its art, its institutions and its traditions. Britain is famous for its immutable traditions. The traditional love of English people for tea is well known by all over the world. The English have always drunk tea as a nation. And I understand their love for tea: it’s good any time of day, it’s very refreshing, and it can restore you, when you are tired. But it’ll be better to notice, that time is changing everything. It’s changing the style of our life. It’s becoming faster and faster every year. Different life – different traditions! Certainly tea-drinking, as a part of the English tradition, changed. Nowadays, unlike food, tea could be offered to anyone at any time without inconvenience and without breaking any of the rules of decorum. Its service provided a focal point for social activities, enabling people of differing rank to meet and converse, and helping to spread the polite values of refinement, gentility and sociability. More than two centuries ago, in early eighteenth century Britain tea was usually prepared by the lady of the house in front of her guests. It was habitually taken in the mid-afternoon, after dinner, but as the century progressed, it was also more often drunk at breakfast. According to Likhachev D.S., who worked on the analysis of the Nature of cultural traditions, Each generation, in its activities, makes the choice of existing traditions (taking some tradition or aspects of them and at the same time rejecting others), and gives them their own interpretation. And so, most likely, the tea-drinking tradition was changed by the generations, the slaves of time in manifest error of what a real tradition is.

Definitions in Anatomy and Physiology

Definitions in Anatomy and Physiology Anatomy is a science for the study of different parts of living organisms, animal or plant types either by sectioning or other methods; it studies the size, structure and the relating elements, structuring a body, a plant, etc. We distinguish general anatomy, which also takes into account the analysis of physiology. Physiology is the study of the mode of operation of the numerous existing living creatures. Specifically, it is about understanding how the human body works, the role of each organ and its functioning mechanisms found in the organism but also, the function that each living organism occupies in its environment. When referring to the human anatomy and physiology, we are likely to be using the pathology to understand when the human body faces diseases and illnesses, caused by the dysfunction of certain organs and the symptoms that help specialists and scientists diagnose certain illnesses. To understand the human anatomy, scientist and biologists use various anatomical terms to describe and locate parts of the body, so what are the directional terms, body planes and the terminology used to identify the various body regions? We start with the directional terms, terms used by the anatomists and medical professionals to identify, locate and explain the body structure and positioning in regards to another. As we can see below:      Ã‚   Definition Description Example Superior A structure above another The chin is superior to the navel Inferior A structure below another The navel is inferior to the chin. Superficial Towards or on the   surface The skin is superficial to the muscle Deep Away from the surface, internal. The lungs are deep in the ribs Lateral Away from the midline of the body The nipple is lateral to the breast bone Medial Towards the midline of the body The nose is medial to the eye Proximal Closer to the point of attachment to the body than another structure The elbow is proximal to the wrist. Distal Farther from the point of attachment to the body than another structure The wrist is distal to the elbow Anterior The front of the body The navel is anterior to the spine Posterior The back of the body The spine is posterior to the breastbone Ipsilateral On the same side of the body Right arm and shoulder Contralateral On opposite sides of the body Legs Parietal Relating to a body cavity wall Bones of the skull Visceral Relating to organs within body cavities Lungs The diagram below explains the directional terms. Blank Canvas taken from Google. Figure.1 Figure 1. Directional Terms in Anatomy. To understand the human body better, there are ways of facilitating the understanding of what lies inside, structure wise, body planes are one way. Sagittal plane is a vertical plane that divides the body into equal right and left halves. If we cut the person in a straight vertical line from the head through the belly button and down to the toes, the median plane, therefore, result equal right and left halves of the body. See Fig.2 Coronal plane is a line/cut that separates the body into anterior and posterior parts, splits the body into front and back halves. This type of division is why the coronal plane is sometimes referred to as the frontal plane. See Fig.2 Transverse plane, this is a plane that divides the body into superior and inferior portions. This plane runs perpendicular to the coronal and median planes and in an upright human is parallel, or horizontal, to the ground. This is why its also called the horizontal plane. Anatomy and Physiology for dummies. See Fig.2 Blank canvas taken from Google. Fig.2 Figure. 2 Body Planes in Anatomy If we take the body standing in the following anatomical position as shown below Fig.3, I can recall these major regions (from the outside of the body) and how they relate to each other in the anatomical position highlighted as follows: The cephalic region (head) or cranial region (skull) is at the top of the body and visible from the front and rear. The cervical region (neck) starts below the head, ends at the thorax, and is visible from the front and rear from under the head to the shoulders. The dorsal region (back) runs from immediately below the neck down to the area below the waist. It doesnt include the shoulders. Its visible from the rear. The thorax starts immediately below the neck, at the clavicles, and ends along the bottom of the rib cage. Its visible from the front. The abdomen starts along the bottom of the rib cage and extends to the hips. Its visible from the front. The pelvis starts where the abdomen ends and takes up the area between the hip bones. The perineum is between the thighs so very little is visible in the anatomical position. The upper extremities include the shoulders, arms, forearms, elbows, wrists, and hands and are visible from the front and the back The lower extremities include the hips, buttocks, thighs, knees, legs, ankles, and feet. The buttocks are visible only from the rear, but the rest of the lower extremities are visible from the front and the rear. Figure.3 Anatomical regional terms annotated diagram (blank canvas taken from Google) Part B: In histology a study of cells and tissues, the human body is a synchronised cycle of components, a structure harmonised and coherence between chemicals, cells, tissues, organs and systems to form a human body. As detailed briefly in the following order: Every organism, humans, animals and plants are formed of cells. Animal cells and plant cells have a joined characteristic like a nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, mitochondria, and ribosomes. Plant cells have a cell wall, and most of the time a permanent chloroplast and vacuole. Each and specific cell has a special task or particular function, although there are different type of cells, the basic structure of a cell remains the same. Solutions pass into and out of the cells by diffusion; this sometimes is called osmosis when the water passes into and out of the cell. So what are the cell and tissue types and their functions in the human body? A group of different types of cells form tissues in the human body and one or more types of tissues form organs that work together in a harmonious manner to form the organ system. Nerve cells: These cells do not multiply in a human body life time. Once formed during fetus, they live till the entire life of a human body. They exist all over the body and some are as long as a few meters long. There are human brain cells and are found in a massive population in the brain and the spinal cord this is what forms the nervous tissue. Bone cells (Osteocytes) These are considered the toughest body cell systems and are bound together by calcium and phosphate, they give strength, support and framework to the body by enclosing organs in skeletal system i.e. bones. Cartilage cells (chondrocytes) these cells are made of a loose and flexible material. We find them in the ear, spinal bones, joints etc. Muscle cells:   There are three types: skeletal, cardiac and smooth muscle cells and are rich in proteins actin and myosin, muscle cells can contract and relax to provide movements. Secretory cells: These cells secrete and form glands, for example: pancreatic cells which secrete insulin, glucagon, salivary gland secrete saliva, sebaceous gland secrete oil on the skin. They are found in all secretory organs. Adipose cells: These are fat cells and considered as storage to store fat. Example: the soles, palms, buttocks, etc. They reduce friction to the body. Blood cells: They are always mobile and active carry oxygen and nutrients to all cells and organs. They have limited life span and they never multiply to form new cells. Instead new cells are formed from other cells. As we know, there are four types of tissues, Epithelial, Connective, muscular and nervous as I explained in the examples above. Epithelium: its main function is to protect the human body from the outside world acts as a barrier i.e. skin. It also absorbs i.e. stomach and intestinal lining (gut). Also, it filters, i.e. kidneys and it secretes as the glands do. Its also good at fixing itself, regenerating i.e. skin burns. Connective: its main function is bound together, wrapping around and cushioning and protecting organs. Stores nutrients and give an internal support for organs, i.e. tendon and ligaments protect joints and attached muscles to bone and each other, it runs through organs and in deep layers of skin producing strength. Nervous: this is very important as it is the communication element in the body to receive and give signals, this conducts impulses to and from body organs via neurons i.e. brain, spinal cord and nerves. Muscle: this is responsible for the body movements, moves blood, food, and waste bodys organs and responsible for the mechanical digestion.

Time in The Great Gatsby :: Great Gatsby Essays

Time in The Great Gatsby Time is an idea described in different periods and aspects, for example philosophical, psychological, physical and biological. This time flows evenly but is broken into the past, present and future. Since we only live in the present forever planning for our futures and dreams, when we try to live in the past it restricts our future. Throughout Fitzgerald's novel, Gatsby wasted time and his life for a single dream, and it was his illusion of his ideal future that made time a key dimension in his life. Gatsby suffers from past memories of Daisy and tries to relive the relationship and in the process Gatsby was murdered. Nick says, "Almost five years! There must have been moments even that afternoon when Daisy tumbled short of his dreams - not through her own fault, but because of the colossal vitality of his illusion". Gatsby's idealistic view of Daisy was, she was of pure and perfect form and after he kisses her, his ideal perfect relationship starts to decay, "...and the incarnation was complete". The incarnation meaning Daisy cannot be ideally perfect anymore now that Gatsby's with her. Daisy is not pure and perfect like Gatsby thought she was in the past. From Gatsby's illusions of the past preoccupying all his thoughts, he forgets about the key dimension he exists in which is the present. Although Gatsby was persistent on reliving the past, Gatsby vaguely lived for the present. This is apparent when he cancels his biology by leaving home, changing his name, and leaving his heritage behind which was not done by following the past. In the past Jay Gatsby made, "...a platonic conception of himself". What Nick said about Gatsby's platonic theory of himself was that Gatsby "...was a son of God". From Jay Gatsby's theory he makes a ideal conception of himself, of which he projects himself into the future. Ultimately Gatsby is left with the choices to "...suck on the pap of life, gulp down the incomparable milk of wonder," or kiss Daisy and "...his mind would never romp again like the mind of God". In Gatsby's choices he is to climb "the ladder" to God which represents Gatsby's future or choose Daisy and choose the past.

Comparing Those Rainy Mornings, In The Cutting of A Drink, and The Return :: Comparison Compare Contrast Essays

Comparing Those Rainy Mornings, In The Cutting of A Drink, and The Return      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The two short stories "In the Cutting of a Drink" and "The Return" bring different responses from me.   "In the Cutting of a Drink" makes me think about what it would be like to go into a new culture.   It also makes me think about the current decline in moral values.   "The Return" reminds me to be more thankful for the many things I take for granted.   It also makes me think about how hard it can be to cope with change.   In the poem "Those Rainy Mornings" I am reminded of my grandma and what a kind, loving, wonderful person she is.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In Frank Chipasula's poem "Those Rainy Mornings" the speaker is talking about his aunt Gwalanthi.   The speaker tells us what a wonderful loving person his aunt is.   In the first section the speaker tells us how his aunt would wake up at the crack of dawn and build a fire.   Then she would begin cooking porridge. In the second section of the poem the speaker talks about waking up "out of the nagging nightmare."   Then the speaker describes his aunt a little bit more, "her soft but husky call."   In the last section the speaker talks about how kind his aunt is to take care of his brothers and sisters while his parents "strayed to the copper mines."      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This poem makes me think about my grandma and all the wonderful things she has done for me.   The speakers aunt is an old fragile woman, "hoe-broken palms" and "scrawny ribs."   But she is also a very hard worker and loving person.   Both these things remind me of my grandma.   My grandma may be old and fragile but she is still a very hard working and loving person.   My grandma is always up at first light doing household chores or working in her garden.   Many times we have to force her to go inside, so she won't be exposed to the hot sun for to long. I can't count the number of times my grandma has made my bed, folded our clothes, washed our dishes, or done various other household chores for me and my family. I could never fully repay my grandma for all the wonderful things she has done. My grandma, like aunt Gwalanthi, is a very kind, hard working person.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Ama Ata Aidoo's "In the Cutting of a Drink" is about a person relating his story of looking for his lost sister in a big city called Mamprobi.

Solutions to Global Warming Essay -- Climate Change, Synthesis Essays

You hear about it from television news broadcasts. You read about it in newspapers and magazines. You talk about it with friends and co-workers. There have even been movies made about it. The â€Å"it† is global warming. â€Å"Global warming refers to the global-average temperature increase that has been observed over the last one hundred years or more† (Spencer). Some experts argue that global warming is a result of human activities, while others believe the warming and cooling of the Earth’s atmosphere is a natural cycle. Supporters of human induced global warming stress that since the Industrial Revolution we have released excessive amounts of carbon dioxide, a known â€Å"greenhouse gas,† into the atmosphere and increased the Earth’s temperature. On the other hand, some scientists declare that based on ice core samples the Earth has experienced several warming cycles for thousands of years (Barry, 2000). Despite the ongoing debate on wh ether â€Å"global warming† is a natural cycle or caused by human activities, there are things individuals and nations could do to protect and conserve our environment. Before discussing possible solutions to address global warming, I would like to present some background information about global warming. Plants, animals, and humans are able to survive on this planet because of the atmosphere’s natural â€Å"greenhouse† effect. The Earth’s atmosphere is primarily composed of water vapor, carbon dioxide, and methane, which re-radiates the sun’s infrared radiation back down to the Earth’s surface (Barry, 2000). Consequently, an increase in these â€Å"greenhouse† effect components could result in more heat being trapped and an increase in the atmospheric temperature. Bjorn Lomborg (2007, p. 10) states that with... .... (2007, November 8). How to stop climate change: The easy way. In Z. Sharp (Ed.), Annual editions: Environment 09/10 (pp. 209-211). New York: McGraw Hill. Spencer, R. (n.d.). Global warming: natural or manmade. Retrieved from http://www.drroyspencer.com/global-warming-natural-or-manmade/ Top 50 things to do to stop global warming. (2009, February 5). Retrieved from http://globalwarming-facts.info/50-tips.html United States Census Bureau. (2008, December). World Population: 1950-2050. Retrieved from http://www.census.gov/ipc/www/idb/worldpopgraph.html United States Department of Agriculture. (2009, August 12). Sustainable development. Retrieved from http://www.usda.gov/oce/sustainable/index.htm Wallace, J. W. (2005, April 26). Nuclear Power 2010 Program. In T. A. Easton (Ed.), Taking sides: Clashing views on environmental issues (p. 220). New York: McGraw Hill.

Child Sex Abuse

Child Sexual abuse â€Å"All my childhood lived a dual life-when I was being abused, and the life when I wasn't. â€Å"-Harris leery, an Indian survivor of child sexual abuse, who had a tremendously shocking childhood. Whenever I think about his suffering, my soul starts to tremble with nauseating. For about 11 years of his life, he used to get raped in the place, what we call home; however†¦ For a 7 year old Harris, his home used to be worse than the hell whenever his soul used to be sucked by a Demented of his family.It's not only about Harris or Indian children; all around the world children have been victimized by inhumane abusers. â€Å"In JACK, 1 in 20 children have been sexually abused†-NSP. 18,91 5. This humongous number is the number of children sexually abused in 2012/2013 in England and Wales; imagine the number in the UK, Europe and the world. Think! May be, the person sitting next to you might was, is or going to be sexually abused. You, your friend or your family member might be one of them. Is this the modern world: the 21st century?I don't think so! These children are the future; and our future seems to be blemishing because these buds are put to sleep before they emerge and blossom as flowers. Help! Help! The children's soul screams but in the silence. Those little and pure minds are tortured, threatened and tormented till they give up. New research suggests children who are repeatedly abused, or are abused by a member of their immediate family, are at higher risk of attempting suicide in later life. Help these children. It feels nice.

Fighting Bacterial Growth

Fighting Bacterial Growth The purpose of this lab was to determine the effectiveness of antiseptics, disinfectants, and antibiotics on bacteria. The hypothesis was that if bleach was used, it would be the most effective because bleach is commonly used to clean and disinfect various things. The variables that were tested were antibacterial soap and Scope mouthwash for the antiseptics; bleach and ammonia for the disinfectant; and Cipro, erythromycin, and tetracycline for the antibiotics.All of these chemicals were used on the bacteria M. luteus. Two Petri dishes were covered in the bacteria and split into four quadrants, in which each had a disc containing one of the chemicals stated above. One quadrant was left alone with no chemicals for the control group. The dishes were then left for the bacteria to grow, and once obtained again it was obvious that some of the bacteria was killed by the chemicals.In individual data, there was a zone of inhibition of 3mm in the antibacterial soap; 1 0mm in the Scope mouthwash; 2mm in the bleach; no zone of inhibition around the ammonia; 10mm in both the erythromycin and the tetracycline, and 15mm for the Cipro. The average length of the halo of inhibition in antiseptics was 8 mm in the E. coli, and 6 mm in the M. luteus. The average length of the halo of inhibition in the disinfectants was 12mm and 11mm respectively. For the antibiotics, it was 7mm and 9mm respectively.The data represented the hypothesis because for both the E. coli and the M. luteus, the largest zone of inhibition was in the disinfectant; and more specifically, the averages were 28mm in the E. coli and 18mm in the M. luteus in the bleach. In some Petri dishes, the bleach also killed bacteria in the other quadrants, indicating that it killed a lot of bacteria. This also affected some measurements for the other chemicals, because the zone of inhibition for the other chemicals around the bleach could have been caused by the bleach instead of the other chemical.An other error was that since these Petri dishes were left out for 2 days, there was re-growth in the bacteria in and around the zones of inhibition, like the ammonia in the individual data. In the lab, the chemicals were tested on bacteria to see how much of the bacteria will get killed. What kind of items then would create the most bacterial growth? If bleach was used on different kinds of bacteria, which kinds of bacteria would be most affected by the bleach, and which bacteria will be the least affected by the bleach?